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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2018-6-6 10:48 编辑 ; n9 V/ e: ?! A. c# y. A
* t5 g$ X+ h' Z( M- Uhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China' O: d5 e: b2 c2 M1 |# t
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of8 q" r ?4 v" ^0 q5 S# c# N
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
6 U+ U" H T r/ _/ f+ F# c# W9 x. z' J3 L: ]. }/ h
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of6 @9 [5 Q, y. k9 g
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China." }( b% T4 p- i& @+ n% v) l
$ O0 `0 r7 S4 V0 c0 ^Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .6 h; \6 o$ k8 |, {/ Z% i
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018; r, A! j( K7 V2 c) N
Published online 26 January 2018& y) ^) e$ o2 ]8 x0 j
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Abstract& x. N1 f4 q5 |, I3 Z& B* s
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing& S* G7 x% U! n5 D% e
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
- @& r3 c1 @1 Q+ JTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
1 |, I' D2 ]7 p/ J$ j" hengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
; |- g0 x( q: q% H! \only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
# c/ y$ p6 r2 T6 G8 mworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly" ~& k. {7 n8 q
to the standardization of the scientific terminology7 J" R! f2 ^( R; r
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s& f; o8 r) `/ F0 W; }6 j- J" v
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
5 j+ I* [5 t1 |" w2 T3 T6 @5 O- |- Aand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the+ f7 V( f! ^* O k6 i
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
) [' h7 ~$ _- i% }" d" R3 din Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
: _, E- q8 U) J5 }: U* G3 m' ?he established had helped greatly with the popularization
/ o+ F+ f0 D/ D) D! eof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring) i- _; W! I4 n( b
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
N( [" f! `7 I6 v8 ~for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and: ]+ x7 |1 I# h% E# p: T+ e2 V# X
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
& o) [" m1 r0 I1 Rgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
4 o: f5 T! F. a, E- Z) P2 Vterminology.
' t3 `& d% ~" l5 zKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
$ S5 m$ k8 y* HStandardization of terminology translation
' a/ Z- s/ Q, N0 ~! `5 oYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to! d7 s! f( V( M! K" s9 ? |
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
$ A V' g1 _& g0 U4 M( b( XChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
/ w" ?: y4 B1 ]from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
3 p J$ U6 }& U j* |DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213& \& {/ i( T% h0 N: L! g
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- ^& {8 v0 K" {5 x! m# CINTRODUCTION3 g6 I- j/ I8 P0 D( ?# X0 c
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
9 [) k) I, O1 l% @) P. o% {0 Oa great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).4 C8 T8 i u3 c- P5 Q* E' K' o
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to7 Q9 Z J. ~- z
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
. D* \2 H. f4 _* z" [6 mSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
! |" Y T3 m# ]/ H) Xby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as, l6 \, p. |% p% v6 N
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
% |" P _# I3 k7 fhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-" h, Z, q. Y w' l: c; B% @
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
: f8 f- g4 g( n; u; i' tworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,* i9 X/ a1 X. J% Q% x" D
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.; j1 b6 b/ B" B7 F; T5 e6 A
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated3 z f! x. b, L
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant; K4 ?" S5 r8 l6 i
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,; o, P% h/ Z% H* b5 \
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,% D' R/ T! k: i+ H, z6 i
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western! P& m! s1 n& q1 g& C! K
books that made him the most productive one among the
8 L' Z* t* n2 |( @" w, v# v/ J7 Gforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
+ r: n: ?4 |' b# y/ a( B. Otranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a% ~' h5 f8 a' N) Q7 Q( ]& Y4 g
noble work which could help accelerate the process of$ n; C2 g( L) b7 p+ a9 t. L# z$ d
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
- Q' @6 e: ~5 j+ K% @, Q" f5 L6 e0 pIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
/ e' P2 a. n+ k6 Yalso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western+ g- O* p, N( A5 k4 R7 v* j
science and the standardization of translated scientific
3 U3 J7 b5 E8 |/ k) O- b, Jterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
9 m/ Q2 `; p' c, e7 Q5 tmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the# I# j+ T. w/ E
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
+ D: _& g- P9 T" v' e* I( wcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series4 l8 v+ v# Y# s0 |
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in" F5 q# K7 a/ J; c0 w
Modern China.
6 p8 J, z- A( a8 h; J6 ^" f. ^# C: JAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published& q% G* E I: l6 M& ^3 S" W
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
# w# x# K* W! B' q8 W! C# E6 c1 ntravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing& U* F( f! B& j. g8 i- g4 m* R
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In7 u- V4 c: G5 T) ^. S+ o, ?
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and5 k5 h0 y: s& f; ^( K
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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