鲜花( 0) 鸡蛋( 0)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2019-6-5 21:13
|
显示全部楼层
二. 氡气对人的影响9 @5 v ]( m+ ~2 d* @$ h( }) `
目前人们对是氡气对人体危害的研究主要发现是对肺癌的风险因数的研究。Health Canada 认为氡气导致肺癌的风险列吸烟之后第二大因素,对于非吸烟人士是患肺癌的第一因素。同时,氡气使吸烟者患肺癌风险加大3倍。空气中氡气的含量和处于其中的时间长短是两个关键,氡气肺癌的影响是一个时间和数量的积累的过程。7 h6 |# c b$ p$ z0 c& z
以下引录Health Canada 官方网页
- g$ N2 w. c: U! R“Risks of Developing Lung Cancer from Radon
( n) K4 O4 F; w$ j' z' ?The risks are greater for smokers and those exposed to second-hand smoke. The lifetime risks listed in the table on the following page represent the risks of developing lung cancer due to radon exposure and for smokers the combined risk of tobacco use and radon exposure.5 q2 W" q2 Q) J& h
Non-smokers exposed to radon at the level of 200 Bq/m3 have a 2% lifetime chance of developing lung cancer. For a smoker, this risk increases to 17% at 200 Bq/m3.( G s0 M" Q+ B, A% ?
Lifetime Risks to a Smoker Exposed to Radon
% \/ t; V2 Z+ k9 V) @" u8 lLung cancer risk for lifetime exposure to radon at 800 Bq/m3 30%
8 H5 H2 `/ R' i RLung cancer risk for lifetime exposure to radon at 200 Bq/m3 17%
8 ?! {: f! L4 i W8 ^) NLung cancer risk from smoking only 12%” M1 u, B/ `+ [
Lifetime Risks to a Non-Smoker Exposed to Radon
M; L, P' a- c8 W7 q9 a+ l% I1 @) p" nLung cancer risk for lifetime exposure to radon at 800 Bq/m3 5%/ }$ {; h0 Z4 D) z& _$ v3 k) w& f
Lung cancer risk for lifetime exposure to radon at 200 Bq/m3 2%$ k: C1 s8 r5 b1 W$ f- I; \
Lung cancer risk for exposure to radon at low outdoor levels 1%
( N. L# P; C4 v D(Source: Report of the Radon Working Group on a New Radon Guideline for Canada)% S8 r# Q) b( h) S1 L
6 h! R- n( i$ r. ^( s
氡气是如何导致肺癌的呢?
P9 J8 L! `8 m 氡气导致肺癌的主要是由于其衰变物通过呼吸附在肺部造成的。衰变过程伴随 α,β和γ粒子的释放,由于肺部细胞的保护的薄弱,三种粒子中能量最大的 α粒子完全可以破坏或击伤肺细胞。细胞被打死,或者细胞中双螺旋DNA中的单个螺旋被击断,一般细胞能够进行自我修复,这两种去情况对癌变没有什么影响。但当细胞的DNA双螺旋均被击断,其自我修复过程中就可能出现错误,而产生变异,加大了细胞癌变的可能性。, ?9 L1 X1 E5 v0 X
氡气衰变物钋218 和钋214会与空气中的微粒结合,人吸入后就吸附在肺部,其衰变释放的α粒子是对肺细胞造成伤害的主要元凶。
7 V8 k! @, r0 Z
3 y9 \ R& T G! t7 R$ W
% b% q+ K( L- G; `- T! z2 J1 ] 0 ~/ L3 D& y/ X% D9 z2 o2 D
" @2 a, O4 Z' a3 f' z2 |, X
, V) Y8 n U! H# ]1 j |
|