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澳洲, 奧地利, 加拿大, 捷克, 芬蘭, 愛爾蘭, 荷蘭, 新西蘭, 瑞士
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12811197
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4 I/ G, @. y8 x- X- q22 March 2011 Last updated at 03:31 ET Share this pageFacebookTwitter ShareEmail Print Religion may become extinct in nine nations, study saysBy Jason Palmer4 a1 `, P- h- z( w: w! V8 {- S6 [9 A
3 l' B; [6 v3 z+ h0 K$ _Science and technology reporter, BBC News, Dallas
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A study using census data from nine countries shows that religion there is set for extinction, say researchers.: E8 F; c9 _0 F$ P' k6 s |! m
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The study found a steady rise in those claiming no religious affiliation.
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The team\'s mathematical model attempts to account for the interplay between the number of religious respondents and the social motives behind being one.( N% `- i( |2 R
( G6 d3 U0 D& d+ `. k7 F! n) ~1 k; `The result, reported at the American Physical Society meeting in Dallas, US, indicates that religion will all but die out altogether in those countries.1 `; y% B4 w* ~: c$ y+ v
& q( b* g. z* U. Q \' TThe team took census data stretching back as far as a century from countries in which the census queried religious affiliation: Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Switzerland.
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9 a c( N5 v2 W: {6 ^Their means of analysing the data invokes what is known as nonlinear dynamics - a mathematical approach that has been used to explain a wide range of physical phenomena in which a number of factors play a part.
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% E; r5 A0 r1 a/ E7 L; b! r. ?One of the team, Daniel Abrams of Northwestern University, put forth a similar model in 2003 to put a numerical basis behind the decline of lesser-spoken world languages.0 s4 V/ ^8 K! L0 p1 z1 n5 p) W7 j
1 j5 A* G" M" nAt its heart is the competition between speakers of different languages, and the \"utility\" of speaking one instead of another.
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$ M/ M$ X" N* A6 D: l& s\"The idea is pretty simple,\" said Richard Wiener of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and the University of Arizona.
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5 k& p9 W1 `- K0 L: z8 s4 D! f$ Z5 Q\"It posits that social groups that have more members are going to be more attractive to join, and it posits that social groups have a social status or utility.* U; } b5 S A) d8 D
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\"For example in languages, there can be greater utility or status in speaking Spanish instead of [the dying language] Quechuan in Peru, and similarly there\'s some kind of status or utility in being a member of a religion or not.\"
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Dr Wiener continued: \"In a large number of modern secular democracies, there\'s been a trend that folk are identifying themselves as non-affiliated with religion; in the Netherlands the number was 40%, and the highest we saw was in the Czech Republic, where the number was 60%.\", y& l+ e! v) B6 v% y/ `; ~
/ t. K2 E- W1 V$ H4 jThe team then applied their nonlinear dynamics model, adjusting parameters for the relative social and utilitarian merits of membership of the \"non-religious\" category.
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+ L+ E! E! ~' W. ?9 BThey found, in a study published online, that those parameters were similar across all the countries studied, suggesting that similar behaviour drives the mathematics in all of them.
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And in all the countries, the indications were that religion was headed toward extinction.
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6 }' p+ Y, y' O& fHowever, Dr Wiener told the conference that the team was working to update the model with a \"network structure\" more representative of the one at work in the world.
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\"Obviously we don\'t really believe this is the network structure of a modern society, where each person is influenced equally by all the other people in society,\" he said.
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However, he told BBC News that he thought it was \"a suggestive result\".
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& }7 a" k8 `5 [% t\"It\'s interesting that a fairly simple model captures the data, and if those simple ideas are correct, it suggests where this might be going.' U' P, q; n1 n1 O* k
) p5 b* e' C* y) h\"Obviously much more complicated things are going on with any one individual, but maybe a lot of that averages out.\" |
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