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How to figure a home's fundamental value
5 _% Y8 c- v1 q, |Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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- R( `! d4 B$ o C7 M. A5 `Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.# l D, x0 V( F. }+ K
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:) V8 @: S1 a) M: {6 v
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3 T- ~. a& z5 \3 o+ t$ E. QIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.$ m- Y' ]) N/ j0 F: ~; o4 g$ _+ f+ `) A/ j
" N! H6 s, ~; P9 s; i8 @, w( \San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.5 ]0 b- W0 p8 K
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.' c- l# o, q5 b, `8 z+ o
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
# o: T9 D$ A1 M- OYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. ; [. K) d7 \& t x& w1 [$ Z
( t: o. s; {7 Z4 S5 }If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas ( _6 C5 b% _+ ^, G, ~ w- M$ o3 s
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 ; g( ^8 Q- E9 D2 I+ G
Boston 20.5 30.2 * r6 u% p$ S9 M# ^. Q
San Diego 22.8 29.7 * c9 I9 A" m; L+ \0 n1 j' }4 `2 `
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
4 h6 n4 r/ F, Q0 d% i4 B8 dLos Angeles 21.3 25.6 6 I7 @" C) R5 P$ G) f4 O7 o' n
Seattle 20.4 25
% e6 a8 N: P4 U0 x" K" h+ zDenver 17.7 23.7
( |2 `$ a6 R$ @9 B* F. J) F$ y: pNew York 21.2 22.5 * ]0 X- E2 c3 {
Chicago 17.2 20.8
3 E. V) b; `9 }6 x4 R' _% p% J- o) CWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 $ Y/ Q4 p7 ?' M2 X4 [4 W9 [8 _: z, E
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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' b4 T3 Z. _3 a, Y7 ~3 SFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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